Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook the penne pasta according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside.
In a large skillet or sauté pan, heat the olive oil over medium heat.
Sauté for about 30 seconds by adding the minced garlic until fragrant.
Toss in the sliced zucchini, yellow squash, red and yellow bell peppers, and broccoli. Cook for 4-5 minutes until the vegetables are slightly tender but still crisp.
Stir in the halved cherry tomatoes and cook for another 2 minutes.
Reduce the heat to low, pour in the heavy cream, and stir in the grated Parmesan cheese until a creamy sauce forms. Season with salt and black pepper to taste.
Combine the cooked penne pasta with the sauce, ensuring it gets thoroughly coated, while also ensuring an even distribution of the vegetables throughout the dish.
Take the dish off the heat and add a finishing touch by garnishing it with fresh basil leaves.